Foundation GCSE Topics

Practice questions for every foundation GCSE topic with papers self-mark so you can track progress.

Averages from a list

Find the mean, median and mode from lists and stem and leaf diagrams

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Averages from frequency tables

Find the mean, median and mode from frequency tables and line charts

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Averages from grouped frequency tables

Find the mean, median and modal class from grouped frequency tables and histograms

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Bar charts

Draw and interpret bar charts and line charts including multiple and composite bar charts

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Birth and death rates

Calculate crude birth and death rates from populations and tables and find numbers from rates

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Box plots

Construct and interpret box plots using quartiles, median, IQR, range and outliers

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Categorical, ordinal and bivariate data

Classify categorical, ordinal and bivariate data and suggest suitable bivariate data to collect

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Census and sampling

Understand populations and sampling including census, samples, bias, sampling frames and sampling units

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Choropleth maps

Interpret choropleth maps including identifying patterns, finding values and comparing distributions

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Collecting data

Choose and design suitable data collection methods including simulations, experiments, data sheets and explanatory and response variables

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Compare data sets

Compare data using bar charts, tables, histograms and box plots with averages and spread

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Conditional probability

Calculate conditional probabilities using tree diagrams, Venn diagrams and independence tests

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Cumulative frequency diagrams

Draw and interpret cumulative frequency graphs to estimate values and find the median

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Cumulative frequency step polygons

Draw and interpret cumulative frequency step polygons including completing tables and finding cumulative frequencies

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Describing skew

Describe skewness using histograms, frequency polygons, box plots and averages

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Draw and describe scatter diagrams

Complete and interpret scatter diagrams, correlation, axis labels and causation

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Experimental probability

Calculate experimental probability, expected outcomes and compare theoretical and experimental probability

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Extraneous variables

Identify and control extraneous variables to improve the validity and reliability of investigations

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Frequency polygons

Draw and interpret frequency polygons including identifying identifying groups and comparing distributions

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Grouping data

Create and evaluate grouped frequency tables including groups with dashes and decimal data

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Histograms with equal class widths

Draw and interpret equal class width histograms including finding frequencies, totals and values within intervals

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Independent events

Identify independent events and calculate joint probabilities for two or three events

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Index numbers

Calculate index numbers, find prices and percentage increases between index numbers

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Interpreting data tables

Read and interpret data and frequency tables including matching values and finding totals

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Interquartile range

Find the IQR from lists, frequency tables, stem and leaf diagrams and grouped data

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Line of best fit

Draw and interpret lines of best fit, estimates, interpolation, extrapolation, gradient and y-intercept

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Linear scaling and translations

Understand how scaling and translation affect the mean, median and mode and transform data to find averages

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Misleading diagrams

Identify misleading statistics graphs and charts and explain why they misrepresent data

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Moving averages

Calculate and interpret moving averages, trend lines and trends on time series graphs

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Mutually exclusive and exhaustive events

Calculate probabilities for mutually exclusive events using tables and complements

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Non-random sampling

Identify non-random sampling methods including quota, judgement, opportunity and cluster sampling and evaluate them

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Outliers and cleaning data

Identify and handle anomalous data including correcting units and cleaning datasets

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Percentiles and quartiles on graphs

Estimate the IQR, median and percentiles from cumulative frequency graphs and grouped tables

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Pictograms

Read and complete pictograms including whole and partial symbols, keys and identifying the highest value

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Pie charts

Interpret and construct pie charts including finding frequencies and identifying the most and least popular categories

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Population pyramids

Draw and interpret population pyramids including age groups, birth rates and explaining their shapes

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Primary and secondary data

Identify primary and secondary data sources, compare their advantages and disadvantages and assess suitability

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Probability scales

Understand probability language, scales and why events are not always equally likely

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Questionnaires and interviews

Evaluate questionnaires and interviews including confidentiality, question design, bias and leading questions

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Random sampling

Understand random sampling including selecting representative samples, identifying sampling issues and using random number generation

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Range

Find the range from lists, frequency tables, stem and leaf diagrams and grouped data

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Risk

Calculate expected numbers, risk, absolute risk and relative risk from situations

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RPI, CPI and GDP

Find Retail Price Index, estimate costs using Consumer Price Index and identify recessions from Gross Domestic Product graphs

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Sample space diagrams

Find probabilities from sample space diagrams and combinations from lists or spinners

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Selecting an average

Choose the best average (mean, median or mode) based on data and extreme values

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Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient

Select and interpret SRCC, compare correlations and evaluate conclusions

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Stem and leaf diagrams

Draw and interpret stem and leaf diagrams including decimals, back-to-back diagrams and identifying key values

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Stratified sampling

Understand stratified sampling including identifying strata, evaluating the method and calculating appropriate sample sizes

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Systematic sampling

Understand and apply systematic sampling including sampling intervals, selecting numbers and evaluating the method

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Tally charts

Create and interpret tally charts including completing frequencies, identifying errors and organising raw data

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Time series graphs

Draw and interpret time series graphs, trends, quarters and seasonal patterns

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Tree diagrams for independent events

Complete independent tree diagrams and calculate probabilities of combined and different outcomes

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Two-way tables

Construct and interpret two-way tables including completing tables and finding missing values

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Types of data

Identify qualitative, quantitative, discrete and continuous data and give suitable examples

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Venn diagrams

Complete Venn diagrams and calculate probabilities and amounts from two-way and three-way sets

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Writing a hypothesis

Form and evaluate statistical hypotheses including identifying variables and deciding what data to collect

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